PATENTS 



INVENTIONS! 



DESIGNS, TRADE=nARK5, LABELS, 
AND COPYRIGHTS. 



Useful Information and Advice to Inventors and 
Manufacturers. 



II.LUSTRATED. 



PRESENTED BY 

CHAPIN & CpMPANY, 

Patent Attorney Sy 
352 Main Street, Springfield, Mass. 



.-.v" - ■-\."> j'/v^c .?;*ViA^ 




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PATENTS 



INVENTIONS! 



DESIGNS, TRADE-HARKS, LABELS, 
AND COPYRIGHTS. 



Useful Information and Advice to Inventors and 

Manufacturers. 



Z^ ©OP YRie>^^*^ 



/LLC-. 

^SEP 10 T892 

PRESENTED BY -^ 7 ju C^ X 

CHAPIN & COMPANY, 

Pale lit Attorneys, 
352 Main Street, Springfield, Mass. 

Copyrighted, 1892. 

1-- 



PERSONAL. 



0^' 



The frequent receipt by us of letters of inquiry as 
to the mode of procedure and probable expense in 
patenting inventions or otherwise securing protection 
under the federal laws, has induced us to publish this 
small book. 

We believe it will, in coming into the hands of in- 
ventors and others interested in the industrial arts, 
prove to them so instructive, relative to some points 
touched upon, as to be welcomed and retained. 

We may be pardoned in making the suggestion 
that inventors will best serve their interests by plac- 
ing their cases, for preparation and prosecution, with 
us, — for this sincere belief is based upon the fact 
that, in a practice of sixteen years at our present 
location, we have been and are constantly employed 
by a clientage including the most extensive and im- 
portant manufacturing establishments and those look- 
ing to the protection of the most valuable enterprises, 
and because we also know that our old clients appre- 
ciate past good service in their behalf, as evidenced by 
their continued calls upon us. 

CHAPIN & COMPA^gY. 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



PATENTS. 



Almost anything which is both new and useful^ 
such as machines, tools and implements, and improve- 
ments thereon, articles of manufacture, compositions 
of matter, medical compounds and methods or pro- 
cesses, may be patented. 

The Value of a Patent depends, first, of course, 
on the class and character of the invention or dis- 
covery to which it relates, and, secondly^ on the man- 
ner of exposition of the invention by the drawings and 
specification and the definitive claims. 

A patent, even while containing a perfect descrip- 
tion of the machine or improvement, may be next to 
worthless if the distinct clause or clauses of clatm are 
not stated in terms of such breadth and scope as to 
include readily suggested variations of forms or detail 
constructions. 

Property in Inventions is recognized under the 
Law as fully as property in real estate. It is therefore 
as necessary to have the invention properly described 
and determined in the patent specification as it is to 
have the piece of land accurately set forth in the deed. 
The patent is the Government's deed. 

Upon an offer to sell a patent, the prospective buyer 

PATENT ATTORNEYS. 



(Vo Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1. 

L. F. BRUCE. 

BBEEOH LOADING MAGAZINE GUN. 

No. 432,507. _^_^Pateiited July 22, I899. 




'^^^^'^S^-?^ 



'::i0^vrey^ 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



usually submits the subject to his Patent Attorney for 
a report as to whether the claims are or not easily 
evaded. If it appears that the claims are not as 
broad as they should be, even if the invention is never 
so good, there is but little property right to be acquired 
in the patent, and an unfavorable report must be 
rendered. 

In order to secure such claims as an inventor is 
entitled to, and absolutely requires for his actual 
protection, the Patent Attorney must have a thorough 
knowledge of the Patent Laws and Patent Office 
practice ; and he must exercise great diligence and 
firmness, and be capable of close and accurate discrim- 
ination between mechanical constructions. 

The Selection of the Patent Attorney, 
therefore, is of vital importance. As the character of 
the solicitor's service will not be apparent from the 
size of his sign, there is no better way for an inventor 
who has never before applied for a patent, to deter- 
mine whom to engage than to inquire which attorneys 
handle the largest and most important patent interests, 
and whose patents, when sued upon, are most often 
sustained by the courts. 

How to Obtain a Patent. 

Call upon us and fully disclose and explain the 
invention. This may be done in connection with a 
rough sketch, or model, or perhaps merely by conver- 
sation. 

EXPERTS IN PATENT CAUSES. 



■■ r'-^'- ^ r m 



(Bo Model. ) 4 sheetB-^heet 4 

L. F. BRUCE. 

BREECH LOADING MAGAZINE GDN. 

No. 432.507. J>atented July 22. 1890. 










CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



It not convenient to call, send with the sketch or 
model a letter explaining the points which are con- 
sidered new, and their purposes and advantages. 

We will then carefully prepare drawings according 
to the rules of the Patent Office, specification with 
claims, and petitition and oath. These documents, 
constituting the Application, will then be signed and 
sworn to by the true inventor or joint inventors, and 
we will file them in the United States Patent Ofiice at 
Washington. 

The application will be entered into one of about 
35 divisions, according to the classification, and must 
await its turn for action by the Examiner. The mag- 
nitude of the work in the Patent Office, and the lack 
of space and comparatively small force of Examiners 
and Assistants, render the official actions somewhat 
hasty. Objections and rejections are therefore made, 
many of which are, by reason of immature consider- 
ation, groundless ; and now is required the most par- 
ticular work in the case ; the making of proper 
amendments and arguments, which must be based 
upon correct legal practice, the particular facts and 
circumstances presented, and a determination to 
relinquish no portion of the invention to which it is 
believed the inventor is entitled. By making a claim 
and then canceling it the inventor is prohibited from ever 
again attempting to secure that claim. 

The Examiners, in the majority of cases, recognize 
and concur with the Attorneys in efficient and perti- 

PATENT ATTORNEYS. 



■'^^■"3^'\':^ 



Ifo. 455.365. 



J. S. & F. J. STEERE. 

COMBINATION ORGAN STOP. ACTION. 



2 Sheets— 8beet 



-?^^. 



Patented July 7, 189U 







JjrLue72Xo7*s 
tXohnS. Steer e 



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CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



nent arguments, but occasionally appeals to the Board 
of three Examiners-in-chief, and sometimes to the 
Commissioner of Patents, are necessary. Appeals 
may also be taken to the Supreme Court of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia. 

When the application is acknowledged to be allow- 
able, by the Examiner, an official notice to that effect 
is sent. 

The Time Required to obtain the allowance on 
a patentable invention averages from two to four 
months. 

The Cost of an Application for Patent requir- 
ing an average amount of time and labor is $45, which 
includes the first Government fee. When the machine 
or apparatus is very extensive or complicated and 
requires many drawings and lengthy specifications 
the charge for services is proportionately and reason- 
ably increased. A final Government fee of $20 must 
be paid within a period of six months from date of 
allowance, to cover the cost of issuing the patent. 

A Payment, on Account, of $15 will be expected 
from parties ordering the preparation of an application, 
in the absence of satisfactory references. The fees 
for the application are payable in full at the time of 
signing the papers. 

No Models are now required to be filed in the 
Patent Office. 

The Drawings. — A few sheets of drawings, taken 
at random from the many patents procured by us, 

EXPERTS IN PATENT CAUSES. 



C E VAN NORMAN. 

WORK CLAMPING BLOCK FOR ENQR&7ER8 

No. 476.951 Patented June 14, 1892. 










CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



have been reproduced on a small scale and are 
interspersed throughout these pages for the purpose 
of showing that we spare no pains to supply good 
illustrations in all of our patent cases. 



Caveats. 

There is a provision under the law whereby an 
inventor may, while working out an idea, file a speci- 
fication with drawings describing the invention so far 
as he may at that time be able. This caveat is 
retained in the confidential archives of the Patent 
Ofiice, remaining in force for one year. Should 
another person file an application for a patent during 
the year for the same invention, the caveator will be 
notified, and three months will be allowed him for 
filing his application for patent so that there may be 
an interference. 

Cost of filing caveat is $20 to $25, which includes 
preparation of papers, etc., and the Government fee. 
No part of this sum applies on the fees for an appli- 
cation for patent should one be subsequently made. 

Reissues. 

Patents may be sometimes surrendered and reissued 
when a patentee seasonably represents that he fails to 
receive adequate protection, owing to some defect in 
his original patent which arose by accident or mistake. 

PATENT ATTORNEYS. 

II 



C. RANGER. 

PLANING AND SAWING MACHINE. 



« ^heets^Sliaat 1. 



No. 470.444. 



Patents^ Mar. 8, .1892. 




12 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



In some cases a broader claim may be secured by 
reissuing a patent. 

The application for a reissue must be made within 
two years from the date of the original patent. The 
reissue expires seventeen years after the date of the 
original patent. 

The cost of securing a reissue is usually about $65, 
which includes all Government fees. 



Design Patents. 

An original design or pattern to be placed on or 
embodied in any article of manufacture may be cov- 
ered by a Design Patent. 

These patents are granted in the decorative arts, 
covering fabrics and carpets, furniture, jewelry, medals, 
spoons, and so forth. Design patents may be taken 
for 31^, 7, or 14 years, and cost $20, $25, or $40, ac- 
cording to the term. 



Preliminary Examinations. 

Examinations may be made with the view of finding" 
out if there is any United States patent showing a 
proposed invention. 

If the invention is already found to be patented, 
the uselessness of an application is shown. No 
opinion, however, can be guaranteed which is based 

EXPERTS IN PATENT CAUSES. 
13 



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H 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



on a preliminary examination, which, from its nature, 
cannot be exhaustive. 
The fee is ^5 in advance. 

Interferences. 

These are proceedings instituted between two or 
more parties who claim to have made the same inven- 
tion, for the purpose of determining which invented 
first. 

We will not say much here about interferences 
except that they are slow, complicated, and expensive, 
and inventors should adopt all means to avoid them. 
This may best be accomplished by filing the applica- 
tion for patent as early as possible. 

We push our cases to allowance as fast as consist- 
ent with good work, and thereby greatly reduce the 
liability of interferences. 

Date and Keep all Sketches. 

By dating all sketches and models of inventions and 
having them witnessed by some competent party and 
carefully preserved, a contestant has a decided advan- 
tage should he become involved in interference. 

On the opposite page is an example of a rough 
sketch dated and attested in accordance with the 
above suggestion. 

Machinists and Mechanical Draughtsmen, on 
placing a sheet of paper on a board, preparatory to 

PATENT ATTORNEYS. 

15 



\Ko Model.) 

D. B. WESSON. 

BARREL CATCH MECHABISM FOR FIRE ARMS. 

No. 421,798. Patented Feb. 18, 1890. 




:^J^.e. 












-/HZ^rncdfjm. 



i6 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



making a drawing, should date it, and should also 
date it on completion of the drawing. 

riarking Articles Patented. 

Every article or machine made according to a patent 
must be marked ^^ Futentedy^ with the date of the 
patent. If it is not convenient to mark the articles 
themselves, the boxes or wrappers should be marked. 

A person who marks an article patented 7v/ie7i he 
opei-ates luider no patent is liable to a penalty of $ioo 
for each offense. 

Patent Applied For. 

A person may, while his application is pending, 
mark the articles or machines ^'Patent Applied for'''' 
or '^Patent Pending''' His legal protection, however, 
does not commence until his patent is issued. 

Assignments. 

The inventor may assign his rights in the invention 
at the time of making the application, during its 
pendency, or at any time after the issue of the patent. 
He may assign the whole or any fractional part, or 
any territorial interest. He may assign for the 
whole or any desired part of the life of the patent. 
Assignments should be recorded within three months 
from their date. 

EXPERTS IN PATENT CAUSES. 

17 



No. 468.823. 



E.J. O'CONNOR ^— • 

VELOCIPEDE. 

Patented Feb. 16. 1892. 




C^i44^V. 



i8 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



Licenses. 

A patentee may license another person, firm, or 
corporation to make, or use, or sell all or any part of 
that which is covered by his patent. Several parties 
may be licensed or an exclusive license given to one. 
Licenses may be in consideration of a royalty to be 
paid from time to time, or they may be given for a 
stated amount. A shop right is a minor form of 
license. 

Lice)ise-agreeme7its sJioicld be carefully drawn^ with 
all the provisions and conditions fully set forth there- 
in, leaving nothing "to be understood," or dependent 
on the good will of the parties. 



Trade=marks. 

A fanciful name or emblem to be applied to articles 
of trade may be registered as a trade-mark. 

A lawful trade-mark must not be descriptive, and 
hence such words as " pure," " soluble," or " lumi- 
nous " would not be admitted, while such as " Crown," 
*' Jack and Jill," the figure of a serpent or anchor, or 
combinations o^ such words and figures are recog- 
nized as trade-marks. 

The Government fee for a trade-mark registration 
is $25, agency fee $15, — total ^40. 

PATENT ATTORNEYS. 
19 



(No ttodel.) 
No. 430.0371 



A. PARTRIDGB- 

LOOM SHUTTLE. 

FatentedJnne 10, 1890. 



:^A^.J. 







20 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



Labels or Prints. 

Labels or prints, which do not contain an unregis- 
tered trade-mark, may be registered in the Patent 
Office. The fee covering the registration is $io. 

Copyrights. 

A copyright for twenty-eight years can be secured 
by the author, originator, or proprietor of a book, 
map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engrav- 
ing, photograph, statue, or any perfected work of the 
fine arts, to be distinguished from the decorative 
arts. 

Steps must be taken towards securing the copyright 
before the work is put forth. 

Our charge for attending to these matters is $5. 

Investigations==Infringements. 

If a person proposes to make, use, or sell a given 
machine or article it is a matter of importance to 
know whether or not he may be in any respect violat- 
ing the rights conferred on another by an existing 
patent. 

We investigate and report on such questions. 

Investigations==Validity. 

We also make investigations and render opinions 
as to whether a patent is valid or void. A person 

EXPERTS IN PATENT CAUSES. 



(No Model.) 2 Sheets— Sheet 1. 

A. P. KJOLLER. 

FRICTION CLUTCH PULLEY. 

No. 429.456. Patented June 3, 1890.. 




'/^V^S Q ±0^ ^ 






22 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



bringing suit for alleged infringement had better know 
what may be brought up against his patent that will 
have weight with the court. 

We recommend an examination of the patent and a 
search into the prior state of the art before the com- 
mencement of a suit. 

Infringements and Cases in the U. 5. 
Courts. 

We are frequently called, as experts, in cases of 
infringement, and, when desired, undertake the entire 
, conduct of such cases, associating ourselves with emi- 
nent counsel for the most vigorous prosecution or 
defense, as the case may be. 

Employer and Employee. 

An employer has no right to an invention made by 
an employee. As an exception, however, the employee 
may bind himself in writing y^r a special and suitable 
considei-ation to assign to the employer the inventions 
which he may make. 

Foreign Patents. 

The availability of patents for American inventions 
in foreign countries is constantly increasing, owing 
to the closer and better intercourse between the 
countries. An invention which is valuable in this 

PATENT XtTORNEYS. 

23 



No. 432.842. 



a M. SHBBHAN 

VAPORIZER. 

Patented Jaly 22. 1890 










«-^?^^&^ 



24 



CHAPIN & COMPANY. 



country would usually prove proportionately produc- 
tive of profit, especially in Canada and the European 
countries, if protected and pushed. 

Caution. — Foreign patents should usually be applied 
for on the day of issue of the United States patent, in 
order to insure validity. Hence most careful atten- 
tion on the part of the Attorneys is required. 

We have reliable agents in all of the patent- 
granting countries, and by direct connections with the 
various foreign capitals we avoid much delay and 
unnecessary expense, and can handle foreign cases at 
very reasonable figures, which will be given on appli- 
cation. 



EXPERTS IN PATENT CAUSES. 

25 



I 3 81ieel8— Sheet 

E N. FOOTE & J. J RANGE 

CASH EEQ18TERIN0 AND INDICATING MACHINE 



^0 479,357 



^ Patented July 19. 1892. 










26 



(No Model.) p H.RICHARDS 4 sheets— Shwt j> 

MACHINE FOR FINIS&INO GLOBE VALVE BODIES. 

No 281.138 PatentedJuly 10. 1883 




27 



J. BALL. 

INCANDESCENT LAMP. 



No. 476,183. 



Patented May 31, 1992. 



jF^:zff,IZ. 







Jyz^^^ri^r*, 






28 



No. 442,091. 



5 SbeetB— Sheet 
J. BALL. 

ENVELOPF. MiOHINE. 

Patent'ed Deo. 9, 1890. 




frjIhe^se'S. 



^JTWe/lIcK 



^^^^"^^ ^^jr^^^ Jl^iu^ /f^u^. 



29 



(fVo Model.) 

R. J. GATLING. 

PNEUMATIC GUN VALVE- 

Ko 434,662 Batented Aug 19. 1890 



J^^^ 







^^2^^ 



30 



No 434,ii35 



E H BARNEY 

SKATE 

Patented Aug 12, 1890. 




31 



w' H MILLS 

SECTIONAL BOILER. 



4 Sbeets— Sheei 



0. 449,379 



Patented Mar 31 1891 




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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



019 973 268 7 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

019 973 268 7 



